tokenpocketapp官网版|column
作者： tokenpocketapp官网版
2024-03-13 05:19:35
Column Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
Column Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
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column
noun
col·umn
ˈkä-ləm
also ˈkäl-yəm
Synonyms of column
1
a
: a vertical arrangement of items printed or written on a page
columns of numbers
b
: one of two or more vertical sections of a printed page separated by a rule or blank space
The news article takes up three columns.
c
: an accumulation arranged vertically : stack
columns of paint cans
d
: one in a usually regular series of newspaper or magazine articles
the gossip column advice columns
2
: a supporting pillar
especially
: one consisting of a usually round shaft, a capital, and a base
a colonnade of marble columns
3
a
: something resembling a column in form, position, or function
a column of water columns of smoke
b
: a tube or cylinder in which a chromatographic separation takes place
4
: a long row (as of soldiers)
columns of troops
5
: one of the vertical lines of elements of a determinant or matrix
6
: a statistical category or grouping
put another game in the win column
columned
ˈkä-ləmd
ˈkäl-yəmd
adjective
Illustration of column
column 2
Synonyms
cue
file
line
queue
range
string
train
See all Synonyms & Antonyms in Thesaurus
Examples of column in a Sentence
a facade with marble columns
Add the first column of numbers.
The article takes up three columns.
The error appears at the bottom of the second column.
She writes a weekly column for the paper.
Recent Examples on the Web
Even if the Thunder couldn’t maintain this level of success in the win column, recent history would suggest that even 53 wins is enough to be a real contender.
—Nick Crain, Forbes, 26 Feb. 2024
Here’s a column celebrating the achievement offering an alternative path forward during an era where there could be nearly 17,000 sports transfers in California for the 2023-24 school year.
—Eric Sondheimer, Los Angeles Times, 26 Feb. 2024
In the clip, Lopez flipped through a variety of her iconic looks, including her wedding gown — a version of Ralph Lauren's classic turtleneck column dress with a thousand handkerchiefs sewn.
—Brenton Blanchet, Peoplemag, 26 Feb. 2024
There is much disagreement in the academic literature as to how exactly immigration affects people’s lives and the economy but that is not the focus of this column.
—Rafael Perez, Orange County Register, 25 Feb. 2024
Carey Mulligan Carey Mulligan is simply perfection in a shiny, gold strapless column gown with sculptural folding at the hips.
—Erin Jensen, USA TODAY, 25 Feb. 2024
This column originally ran in the Washington Free Beacon.
—Matthew Continetti, National Review, 24 Feb. 2024
The Monitor is a weekly column devoted to everything happening in the WIRED world of culture, from movies to memes, TV to Twitter.
—Angela Watercutter, WIRED, 23 Feb. 2024
Another is how a newsletter, like the blog before it, offers more possibilities than a straight-up story or column.
—Bill Goodykoontz, The Arizona Republic, 22 Feb. 2024
See More
These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'column.' Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback about these examples.
Word History
Etymology
Middle English columne, from Anglo-French columpne, from Latin columna, from columen top; akin to Latin collis hill — more at hill
First Known Use
15th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1a
Time Traveler
The first known use of column was
in the 15th century
See more words from the same century
Phrases Containing column
advice column
agony column
the personal column
spinal column
steering column
water column
vertebral column
lally column
fifth column
Articles Related to column
Every Letter Is Silent, Sometimes
When each letter can be seen but not heard
Dictionary Entries Near column
columelliform
column
columnal
See More Nearby Entries
Cite this Entry
Style
MLA
Chicago
APA
Merriam-Webster
“Column.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/column. Accessed 12 Mar. 2024.
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Kids Definition
column
noun
col·umn
ˈkäl-əm
1
a
: a printed or written vertical arrangement of items
add together the column of numbers
b
: one of two or more vertical sections of a printed page separated by a rule or blank space
c
: a special regular feature in a newspaper or magazine
a sports column
2
: a supporting pillar
especially
: one consisting of a usually round shaft, a capital, and a base
3
: something resembling a column in form, position, or function
a column of water
4
: a long row (as of soldiers)
columned
adjective
Etymology
Middle English columne "column," from early French colompne (same meaning), from Latin columna "column" — related to colonel
Medical Definition
column
noun
col·umn
ˈkäl-əm
: a longitudinal subdivision of the spinal cord that resembles a column or pillar: as
a
: any of the principal longitudinal subdivisions of gray matter or white matter in each lateral half of the spinal cord see dorsal horn, gray column, lateral column sense 1, ventral horn compare funiculus sense a
b
: any of a number of smaller bundles of spinal nerve fibers : fasciculus
More from Merriam-Webster on column
Nglish: Translation of column for Spanish Speakers
Britannica English: Translation of column for Arabic Speakers
Britannica.com: Encyclopedia article about column
Last Updated:
1 Mar 2024
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COLUMN | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
COLUMN | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
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English (UK)
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English
Meaning of column in English
columnnoun [ C ] uk
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/ˈkɒl.əm/ us
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/ˈkɑː.ləm/
column noun [C]
(PRINTING)
Add to word list
Add to word list
B2 one of several vertical blocks of print into which a page of a newspaper or magazine is divided: I didn't have time to read the whole article - just the first column.
Oleksandr Hruts/iStock/Getty Images Plus/GettyImages
a piece of writing in a newspaper or magazine, usually on a particular subject, that is always written by the same person and appears regularly: She writes a weekly fashion/gossip column for the Evening Standard.
C1 any vertical block of words or numbers: Add the column of figures and divide the sum by three.
More examplesFewer examplesShe wrote into an agony column.She uses her newspaper column to expound her views on environmental issues.I looked quickly down the column of figures.Look carefully at these questions and mark your answers down in the right-hand column.Tens go in the left-hand column and units in the right.
SMART Vocabulary: related words and phrases
Newspapers & magazines: headlines & features
advertorial
advice column
advice columnist
agony aunt
agony column
agony uncle
cover story
dateline
double-page
double-page spread
filler
leader
obituary
opinion piece
personal column
press cutting
problem page
pullout
splash
spread
See more results »
You can also find related words, phrases, and synonyms in the topics:
Publishing: printing & word processing
column noun [C]
(BUILDING)
B2 a tall, vertical stone post, used as a support for a roof or in classical buildings (= in the style of ancient Greece or Rome) for decoration, or standing alone as a monument (= a symbol of respect for a special person or event): The roof of the temple was held up by a row of thick stone columns. Nelson's Column in Trafalgar Square See also
spinal column
Greg Pease/Photographer's Choice/GettyImages
column of something
something with a tall, narrow shape: A column of smoke rose from the chimney.
See more
a line of moving people or vehicles: a column of refugees Tanks led the column into enemy territory.
More examplesFewer examplesThe central twelve-foot column is surmounted by a bronze angel with outspread wings.The vertebral column surrounds and protects the spinal cord.Could you recognize a Grecian column?The entrance porch is supported by a row of majestic columns.
SMART Vocabulary: related words and phrases
Parts of buildings: arches, columns & beams
abutment
arch
architrave
archway
beam
beamy
capital
colonnade
Doric
ionic
joist
keystone
pedestal
portico
soffit
torus
vault
vaulted
vaulting
See more results »
You can also find related words, phrases, and synonyms in the topics:
Things collected in lines or rings
(Definition of column from the Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary & Thesaurus © Cambridge University Press)
column | American Dictionary
columnnoun [ C ] us
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/ˈkɑl·əm/
column noun [C]
(BUILDING)
Add to word list
Add to word list
a tall, vertical post used as a support for the roof of a building or for decoration
A column is also anything or any set of things having a long, narrow shape: a column of soldiers a column of smoke
column noun [C]
(PRINTING)
one of several vertical blocks of print into which a page of a newspaper or magazine is divided: The article filled two columns.
A column is also a piece of writing in a newspaper or magazine that is written by the same person and appears regularly, usually on a particular subject: a column on sports
A column is also any vertical block of words or numbers: a column of figures
(Definition of column from the Cambridge Academic Content Dictionary © Cambridge University Press)
column | Business English
columnnoun [ C ] uk
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/ˈkɒləm/ us
Your browser doesn't support HTML5 audio
(written abbreviation col.)
Add to word list
Add to word list
a vertical block of printed text on a page of a newspaper or magazine: The article appears in the second column on page two.
a piece of writing in a newspaper or magazine which is always written by the same person and appears regularly, usually on a particular subject: She continued to write her column until shortly before her death.
GRAPHS & CHARTS, ACCOUNTING a vertical block of words or numbers: Reading from left to right, the first four columns depict transactions with customers.
(Definition of column from the Cambridge Business English Dictionary © Cambridge University Press)
Examples of column
column
Whatever claim the columns may have on us, they come from a source that is producing words at an unprecedented rate.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
The figures in the columns give an idea of how the specific nationality is judged.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
The data matrix analysed contains in all twenty-nine columns and 309 rows, corresponding respectively to the functional indicators and the towns selected for inclusion.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
On the inside, eight granite columns supported, by means of galleries, the drum of the dome.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
The arches, columns, and huge statuary of the exterior prepared the traveller or sightseer for the vast vaulted concourse and waiting-room within.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
The order of rows and columns is arbitrary.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
In the traditional table, the nucleotide types are displayed in the columns, while their frequencies are shown for each alignment in the rows.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
How many rows and columns of characters may be displayed on the screen?
From the Cambridge English Corpus
The division between two blocks of the relief of dancing putti is placed behind one of the pairs of columns.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
There are methods of making saws, methods of replacing columns in a building and experiments with the geometric analysis of the human figure.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
Where roofs and columns collapse, the spiders thrive.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
The first has two parallel columns that support a beam with two faces.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
Reflections ultimately determine the disposition of the columns, and on close inspection the pattern of the travertine floor slabs has irregularities.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
However, the study provided some evidence that strabismus can induce columns to form in a species where normally they are wholly absent.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
All five squirrel monkeys raised with strabismus exhibited well-developed ocular dominance columns in striate cortex of each hemisphere.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
See all examples of column
These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors.
Collocations with column
column
These are words often used in combination with column.Click on a collocation to see more examples of it.
advice columnAnyone can be a columnist and create their own advice column.
From Wikipedia
This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license.
column densityThere was no detection of aminoethanol in these sources, and column density upper limits have been calculated.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
column headerClick on the icon in the column header to change sort key and sort order.
From Wikipedia
This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license.
These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors.
See all collocations with column
What is the pronunciation of column?
B2,C1,B2
Translations of column
in Chinese (Traditional)
印刷, （報紙、雜誌上的）欄, （報紙、雜誌上的）欄目，專欄…
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in Chinese (Simplified)
印刷, （报纸、杂志上的）栏, （报纸、杂志上的）栏目，专栏…
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in Spanish
columna, columna [feminine], fila [feminine]…
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in Portuguese
coluna, coluna [feminine], fileira [feminine]…
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in more languages
in Marathi
in Japanese
in Turkish
in French
in Catalan
in Dutch
in Tamil
in Hindi
in Gujarati
in Danish
in Swedish
in Malay
in German
in Norwegian
in Urdu
in Ukrainian
in Russian
in Telugu
in Arabic
in Bengali
in Czech
in Indonesian
in Thai
in Vietnamese
in Polish
in Korean
in Italian
स्तंभ, सदर, खांब- सहसा जुन्या इमारतींमधे छताला आधार देण्यासाठी याचा वापर केला जायचा…
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（石製の）柱, 新聞のコラム, 円柱状のもの…
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sütun, direk, kolon…
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colonne [feminine], rubrique [feminine], colonne…
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columna…
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zuil, kolom, rubriek…
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ஒரு செய்தித்தாள் அல்லது பத்திரிகையின் ஒரு பக்கம் பிரிக்கப்பட்டுள்ள அச்சின் பல செங்குத்து தொகுதிகளில் ஒன்று, ஒரு செய்தித்தாள் அல்லது பத்திரிகையில் எழுதும் ஒரு பகுதி, பொதுவாக ஒரு குறிப்பிட்ட விஷயத்தில்…
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कॉलम, किसी अखबार या पत्रिका में ऊपर से नीचे की तरफ का ब्लॉक जिसमें शब्द छापे जाते हैं, किसी अखबार या पत्रिका में किसी खास विषय पर लिखे गए लेख जो नियमित रूप से छापे जाते हैं…
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કૉલમ, અખબાર અથવા સામયિકમાં ટોપ-ડાઉન બ્લોક જેમાં શબ્દો છાપવામાં આવે છે, કોલમ…
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søjle, kolonne, spalte…
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pelare, kolonn, kolumn…
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tiang, kepulauan, lajur…
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die Säule, senkrechte Zahlenreihe, die Spalte…
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søyle [masculine], spalte [masculine], kolonne [masculine]…
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کالم, اخباری صفحہ کا عمودی حصہ, کسی خاص موضوع پر لکھی جانے والی تحریر…
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колона, стовп(чик), стовпець…
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колонна, колонка, раздел…
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పత్రికలో ప్రింట్ చేయబడిన ఒక పేజీ ని అనేక నిలువు పట్టీలుగా విభజిస్తే అందులోని ఒక నిలువు పట్టీ, శీర్షిక, పత్రికలోని కాలమ్…
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عَمْود…
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কোনো সংবাদপত্র বা ম্যাগাজিন-এর পাতায় ভাগ ভাগ করে খাড়াভাবে মুদ্রিত স্তম্ভাকার শ্রেণীগুলির মধ্যে একটি, কোনো নির্দিষ্ট বিষয়ের ওপরে একই ব্যক্তির দ্বারা লিখিত যে লেখা নিয়মিত প্রকাশিত হয়, শব্দ বা সংখ্যার কলাম…
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sloup, sloupec, sloupek…
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tiang, bentuknya seperti tiang, deretan (angka)…
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เสาค้ำ, สิ่งที่รูปร่างคล้ายกัน, แถว (ในแนวตั้ง)…
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cột, hình cột, cột số…
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kolumna, rubryka, słup…
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기둥, (신문 및 잡지등의) 칼럼, 기둥 모양을 한 것…
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colonna, rubrica…
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columbine
Columbus
Columbus Day
columella
BETA
column
column inch
column of something phrase
columnar
columnist
More meanings of column
All
cash column
column inch
advice column
agony column
debit column
fifth column
gossip column
See all meanings
Idioms and phrases
column of something phrase
lonely hearts club/column, etc., at lonely hearts idiom
See all idioms and phrases
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US
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an answer or reaction
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Contents
English
Noun
column (PRINTING)
column (BUILDING)
column of something
American
Noun
column (BUILDING)
column (PRINTING)
Business
Noun
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COLUMN Definition & Usage Examples | Dictionary.com
COLUMN Definition & Usage Examples | Dictionary.com
GamesDaily CrosswordWord PuzzleWord FinderAll gamesFeaturedWord of the DaySynonym of the DayWord of the YearNew wordsLanguage storiesAll featuredPop cultureSlangEmojiMemesAcronymsGender and sexualityAll pop cultureWriting tipsGrammar Coach™Writing hubGrammar essentialsCommonly confusedAll writing tipsGamesFeaturedPop cultureWriting tipscolumn[ kol-uhm ]show ipaSee synonyms for: columncolumns on Thesaurus.comnounArchitecture. a rigid, relatively slender, upright support, composed of relatively few pieces.a decorative pillar, most often composed of stone and typically having a cylindrical or polygonal shaft with a capital and usually a base.any columnlike object, mass, or formation: a column of smoke.a vertical row or list: Add this column of figures.a vertical arrangement on a page of horizontal lines of type, usually typographically justified: There are three columns on this page.a regular feature or series of articles in a newspaper, magazine, or the like, usually having a readily identifiable heading and the byline of the writer or editor, that reports or comments upon a particular field of interest, as politics, theater, or etiquette, or which may contain letters from readers, answers to readers' queries, etc.a long, narrow formation of troops in which there are more members in line in the direction of movement than at right angles to the direction (distinguished from line1 def. 35).a formation of ships in single file.Botany. a columnlike structure in an orchid flower, composed of the united stamens and style.See moreOrigin of column11400–50; late Middle English columne Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2024How to use column in a sentenceIn the figure below, the column on the left is a list of all pages.How to teach an old blog new SEO tricks | Tom Pick | August 27, 2020 | Search Engine WatchIn a recent newspaper column, Josefowitz wrote about the pandemic affording free time to tackle procrastinated tasks.No Visitors Leading to Despair and Isolation in Senior Care Homes | Jared Whitlock | July 28, 2020 | Voice of San DiegoWhen placed on the column, each ring slid down to its correct position, if possible.Can The Hare Beat The Tortoise? | Zach Wissner-Gross | July 17, 2020 | FiveThirtyEightA pressure sensor on a tag attached to a shark’s fin recorded the animal’s swimming depth at one-second intervals as the shark moved up and down in the water column.Random Search Wired Into Animals May Help Them Hunt | Liam Drew | June 11, 2020 | Quanta MagazineAt the end of my five-day experiment, I created a spreadsheet of my results, with each group getting its own column.Rock Candy Science 2: No such thing as too much sugar | Bethany Brookshire | April 30, 2020 | Science News For StudentsSometimes a column has the economy and rhythm of a short story.The Best Columns of 2014 | John Avlon, Errol Louis | December 31, 2014 | THE DAILY BEASTLater that night, that same black-and-red banner would be seen again—in the column of marchers chanting for dead cops.The Monsters Who Screamed for Dead Cops | Jacob Siegel | December 23, 2014 | THE DAILY BEASTHe branded it a fifth-column invasion into popular culture, normalizing radical, even communist ambitions.Glenn Beck Is Now Selling Hipster Clothes. Really. | Ana Marie Cox | December 20, 2014 | THE DAILY BEASTMy editor called and said, “Do a column on this Lena Dunham flap!”Up to a Point: They Made Me Write About Lena Dunham | P. J. O’Rourke | December 13, 2014 | THE DAILY BEASTHis sign was the last one people saw as the column of marchers passed them, it read, “Am I next?”‘They Let Him Off?’ Scenes from NYC in Disbelief | Jacob Siegel | December 4, 2014 | THE DAILY BEASTMy two eyes haven't quite the same focal length and this often puts me out of the straight with a column of figures.The Salvaging Of Civilisation | H. G. (Herbert George) WellsThe very first chords which Mademoiselle Reisz struck upon the piano sent a keen tremor down Mrs. Pontellier's spinal column.The Awakening and Selected Short Stories | Kate ChopinHe leaned against that same stone column, thinking, searching in his mind, feeling acutely.The Wave | Algernon BlackwoodTrack of the count may be kept by placing a mark for each leukocyte in its appropriate column, ruled upon paper.A Manual of Clinical Diagnosis | James Campbell ToddThe last thing—against the skyline—a little column of French soldiers of the line charging back upwards towards the lost redoubt.Gallipoli Diary, Volume I | Ian HamiltonSee More ExamplesBritish Dictionary definitions for columncolumn/ (ˈkɒləm) /nounan upright post or pillar usually having a cylindrical shaft, a base, and a capitala form or structure in the shape of a column: a column of aira monumenta row, line, or file, as of people in a queuemilitary a narrow formation in which individuals or units follow one behind the otherjournalism any of two or more vertical sections of type on a printed page, esp on a newspaper pagea regular article or feature in a paper: the fashion columna vertical array of numbers or mathematical termsbotany a long structure in a flower, such as that of an orchid, consisting of the united stamens and styleanatomy zoology any elongated structure, such as a tract of grey matter in the spinal cord or the stalk of a crinoidSee moreOrigin of column1C15: from Latin columna, from columen top, peak; related to Latin collis hillDerived forms of columncolumnar (kəˈlʌmnə), adjectivecolumned or columnated (ˈkɒləmˌneɪtɪd), adjectiveCollins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012Browse#aabbccddeeffgghhiijjkkllmmnnooppqqrrssttuuvvwwxxyyzzAboutCareersShopContact usAdvertise with usCookies, terms, & privacyDo not sell my infoFollow usGet the Word of the Day every day!Sign upBy clicking "Sign Up", you are accepting Dictionary.com Terms & Conditions and Privacy Policies.My account© 2024 Dictionary.com, LLC COLUMN | definition in the Cambridge English Dictionary Dictionary Translate Grammar Thesaurus +Plus Cambridge Dictionary +Plus Shop Cambridge Dictionary +Plus My profile +Plus help Log out Cambridge Dictionary +Plus My profile +Plus help Log out Log in / Sign up English (US) Search Search English Meaning of column in English columnnoun [ C ] us Your browser doesn't support HTML5 audio /ˈkɑː.ləm/ uk Your browser doesn't support HTML5 audio /ˈkɒl.əm/ column noun [C] (PRINTING) Add to word list Add to word list B2 one of several vertical blocks of print into which a page of a newspaper or magazine is divided: I didn't have time to read the whole article - just the first column. Oleksandr Hruts/iStock/Getty Images Plus/GettyImages a piece of writing in a newspaper or magazine, usually on a particular subject, that is always written by the same person and appears regularly: She writes a weekly fashion/gossip column for the Evening Standard. C1 any vertical block of words or numbers: Add the column of figures and divide the sum by three. More examplesFewer examplesShe wrote into an agony column.She uses her newspaper column to expound her views on environmental issues.I looked quickly down the column of figures.Look carefully at these questions and write your answers down in the right-hand column.Tens go in the left-hand column and units in the right. SMART Vocabulary: related words and phrases Newspapers & magazines: headlines & features advertorial advice column advice columnist agony aunt agony column agony uncle cover story dateline double-page double-page spread filler leader obituary opinion piece personal column press cutting problem page pullout splash spread See more results » You can also find related words, phrases, and synonyms in the topics: Publishing: printing & word processing column noun [C] (BUILDING) B2 a tall, vertical stone post, used as a support for a roof or in classical buildings (= in the style of ancient Greece or Rome) for decoration, or standing alone as a monument (= a symbol of respect for a special person or event): The roof of the temple was held up by a row of thick stone columns. Nelson's Column in Trafalgar Square See also spinal column Greg Pease/Photographer's Choice/GettyImages column of something something with a tall, narrow shape: A column of smoke rose from the chimney. See more a line of moving people or vehicles: a column of refugees Tanks led the column into enemy territory. More examplesFewer examplesThe central twelve-foot column is surmounted by a bronze angel with outspread wings.The vertebral column surrounds and protects the spinal cord.Could you recognize a Grecian column?The entrance porch is supported by a row of majestic columns. SMART Vocabulary: related words and phrases Parts of buildings: arches, columns & beams abutment arch architrave archway beam beamy capital colonnade Doric ionic joist keystone pedestal portico soffit torus vault vaulted vaulting See more results » You can also find related words, phrases, and synonyms in the topics: Things collected in lines or rings (Definition of column from the Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary & Thesaurus © Cambridge University Press) column | Intermediate English columnnoun [ C ] us Your browser doesn't support HTML5 audio /ˈkɑl·əm/ column noun [C] (BUILDING) Add to word list Add to word list a tall, vertical post used as a support for the roof of a building or for decoration A column is also anything or any set of things having a long, narrow shape: a column of soldiers a column of smoke column noun [C] (PRINTING) one of several vertical blocks of print into which a page of a newspaper or magazine is divided: The article filled two columns. A column is also a piece of writing in a newspaper or magazine that is written by the same person and appears regularly, usually on a particular subject: a column on sports A column is also any vertical block of words or numbers: a column of figures (Definition of column from the Cambridge Academic Content Dictionary © Cambridge University Press) column | Business English columnnoun [ C ] uk Your browser doesn't support HTML5 audio /ˈkɒləm/ us Your browser doesn't support HTML5 audio (written abbreviation col.) Add to word list Add to word list a vertical block of printed text on a page of a newspaper or magazine: The article appears in the second column on page two. a piece of writing in a newspaper or magazine which is always written by the same person and appears regularly, usually on a particular subject: She continued to write her column until shortly before her death. GRAPHS & CHARTS, ACCOUNTING a vertical block of words or numbers: Reading from left to right, the first four columns depict transactions with customers. (Definition of column from the Cambridge Business English Dictionary © Cambridge University Press) Examples of column column The column has been tweeted more than 2,400 times. From Slate Magazine Tune in (see right column for scheduled times) or check out the interview below. From Voice of America A spokesman declined to comment for this column. From San Francisco Chronicle Each column will look at crowdfunded products that have either met or missed their funding goals. From TechCrunch Before dawn, ten thousand hoplites formed up in columns and waited for the trumpets to signal the order to advance. From NPR It became a popular column, again as with the book, because of the subject matter, not me or my quirky writing style. From OregonLive.com These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. Collocations with column column These are words often used in combination with column. Click on a collocation to see more examples of it. advice columnAnyone can be a columnist and create their own advice column. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. column densityThere was no detection of aminoethanol in these sources, and column density upper limits have been calculated. From the Cambridge English Corpus column headerClick on the icon in the column header to change sort key and sort order. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. See all collocations with column What is the pronunciation of column? B2,C1,B2 Translations of column in Chinese (Traditional) 印刷, （報紙、雜誌上的）欄, （報紙、雜誌上的）欄目，專欄… See more in Chinese (Simplified) 印刷, （报纸、杂志上的）栏, （报纸、杂志上的）栏目，专栏… See more in Spanish columna, columna [feminine], fila [feminine]… See more in Portuguese coluna, coluna [feminine], fileira [feminine]… See more in more languages in Marathi in Japanese in Turkish in French in Catalan in Dutch in Tamil in Hindi in Gujarati in Danish in Swedish in Malay in German in Norwegian in Urdu in Ukrainian in Russian in Telugu in Arabic in Bengali in Czech in Indonesian in Thai in Vietnamese in Polish in Korean in Italian स्तंभ, सदर, खांब- सहसा जुन्या इमारतींमधे छताला आधार देण्यासाठी याचा वापर केला जायचा… See more （石製の）柱, 新聞のコラム, 円柱状のもの… See more sütun, direk, kolon… See more colonne [feminine], rubrique [feminine], colonne… See more columna… See more zuil, kolom, rubriek… See more ஒரு செய்தித்தாள் அல்லது பத்திரிகையின் ஒரு பக்கம் பிரிக்கப்பட்டுள்ள அச்சின் பல செங்குத்து தொகுதிகளில் ஒன்று, ஒரு செய்தித்தாள் அல்லது பத்திரிகையில் எழுதும் ஒரு பகுதி, பொதுவாக ஒரு குறிப்பிட்ட விஷயத்தில்… See more कॉलम, किसी अखबार या पत्रिका में ऊपर से नीचे की तरफ का ब्लॉक जिसमें शब्द छापे जाते हैं, किसी अखबार या पत्रिका में किसी खास विषय पर लिखे गए लेख जो नियमित रूप से छापे जाते हैं… See more કૉલમ, અખબાર અથવા સામયિકમાં ટોપ-ડાઉન બ્લોક જેમાં શબ્દો છાપવામાં આવે છે, કોલમ… See more søjle, kolonne, spalte… See more pelare, kolonn, kolumn… See more tiang, kepulauan, lajur… See more die Säule, senkrechte Zahlenreihe, die Spalte… See more søyle [masculine], spalte [masculine], kolonne [masculine]… See more کالم, اخباری صفحہ کا عمودی حصہ, کسی خاص موضوع پر لکھی جانے والی تحریر… See more колона, стовп(чик), стовпець… See more колонна, колонка, раздел… See more పత్రికలో ప్రింట్ చేయబడిన ఒక పేజీ ని అనేక నిలువు పట్టీలుగా విభజిస్తే అందులోని ఒక నిలువు పట్టీ, శీర్షిక, పత్రికలోని కాలమ్… See more عَمْود… See more কোনো সংবাদপত্র বা ম্যাগাজিন-এর পাতায় ভাগ ভাগ করে খাড়াভাবে মুদ্রিত স্তম্ভাকার শ্রেণীগুলির মধ্যে একটি, কোনো নির্দিষ্ট বিষয়ের ওপরে একই ব্যক্তির দ্বারা লিখিত যে লেখা নিয়মিত প্রকাশিত হয়, শব্দ বা সংখ্যার কলাম… See more sloup, sloupec, sloupek… See more tiang, bentuknya seperti tiang, deretan (angka)… See more เสาค้ำ, สิ่งที่รูปร่างคล้ายกัน, แถว (ในแนวตั้ง)… See more cột, hình cột, cột số… See more kolumna, rubryka, słup… See more 기둥, (신문 및 잡지등의) 칼럼, 기둥 모양을 한 것… See more colonna, rubrica… See more Need a translator? Get a quick, free translation! Translator tool Browse columbine Columbus Columbus Day columella BETA column column inch column of something phrase columnar columnist More meanings of column All cash column column inch advice column agony column debit column fifth column gossip column See all meanings Idioms and phrases column of something phrase lonely hearts club/column, etc., at lonely hearts idiom See all idioms and phrases Word of the Day response UK Your browser doesn't support HTML5 audio /rɪˈspɒns/ US Your browser doesn't support HTML5 audio /rɪˈspɑːns/ an answer or reaction About this Blog Forget doing it or forget to do it? Avoiding common mistakes with verb patterns (2) March 06, 2024 Read More New Words inverse vaccine March 11, 2024 More new words has been added to list To top Contents EnglishIntermediateBusinessExamplesCollocationsTranslations © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 Learn Learn Learn New Words Help In Print Word of the Year 2021 Word of the Year 2022 Word of the Year 2023 Develop Develop Develop Dictionary API Double-Click Lookup Search Widgets License Data About About About Accessibility Cambridge English Cambridge University Press & Assessment Consent Management Cookies and Privacy Corpus Terms of Use © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 Cambridge Dictionary +Plus My profile +Plus help Log out Dictionary Definitions Clear explanations of natural written and spoken English English Learner’s Dictionary Essential British English Essential American English Translations Click on the arrows to change the translation direction. 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Bilingual Dictionaries English–Chinese (Simplified) Chinese (Simplified)–English English–Chinese (Traditional) Chinese (Traditional)–English English–Dutch Dutch–English English–French French–English English–German German–English English–Indonesian Indonesian–English English–Italian Italian–English English–Japanese Japanese–English English–Norwegian Norwegian–English English–Polish Polish–English English–Portuguese Portuguese–English English–Spanish Spanish–English English–Swedish Swedish–English Semi-bilingual Dictionaries English–Arabic English–Bengali English–Catalan English–Czech English–Danish English–Gujarati English–Hindi English–Korean English–Malay English–Marathi English–Russian English–Tamil English–Telugu English–Thai English–Turkish English–Ukrainian English–Urdu English–Vietnamese Dictionary +Plus Word Lists Choose your language English (US) English (UK) Español Русский Português Deutsch Français Italiano 中文 (简体) 正體中文 (繁體) Polski 한국어 Türkçe 日本語 Tiếng Việt Nederlands Svenska Dansk Norsk हिंदी বাঙ্গালি मराठी ગુજરાતી தமிழ் తెలుగు Українська Contents English Noun column (PRINTING) column (BUILDING) column of something Intermediate Noun column (BUILDING) column (PRINTING) Business Noun Examples Collocations Translations Grammar All translations My word lists Add column to one of your lists below, or create a new one. More Go to your word lists Tell us about this example sentence: The word in the example sentence does not match the entry word. The sentence contains offensive content. Cancel Submit The word in the example sentence does not match the entry word. The sentence contains offensive content. Cancel Submit COLUMN | definition in the Cambridge English Dictionary
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Column - Wikipedia
Column - Wikipedia
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1History
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1.1Antiquity
1.1.1Egyptian
1.1.2Greek and Roman
1.1.3Persian
1.2Middle Ages
1.3Renaissance and later styles
2Structure
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2.1Nomenclature
2.2Equilibrium, instability, and loads
2.3Extensions
2.4Foundations
3Orders
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3.1Doric order
3.2Tuscan order
3.3Ionic order
3.4Corinthian order
3.5Composite order
3.6Solomonic
3.7Caryatid
3.8Engaged columns
4Pillar tombs
5Gallery
6See also
7References
8External links
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Column
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العربيةAragonésAzərbaycancaবাংলাБеларускаяБеларуская (тарашкевіца)भोजपुरीBikol CentralБългарскиBosanskiBrezhonegCatalàČeštinaChiShonaDanskDeutschEestiΕλληνικάEspañolEsperantoEuskaraفارسیFrançaisGaeilgeGalego한국어हिन्दीHrvatskiBahasa IndonesiaItalianoעבריתಕನ್ನಡҚазақшаKiswahiliКыргызчаLatinaLatviešuLietuviųLimburgsLingua Franca NovaMagyarМакедонскиമലയാളംBahasa MelayuNederlandsनेपाल भाषा日本語Norsk bokmålNorsk nynorskNouormandOccitanOʻzbekcha / ўзбекчаپنجابیPolskiPortuguêsRomânăRuna SimiРусскийСаха тылаScotsSicilianuSimple EnglishSlovenčinaSlovenščinaکوردیСрпски / srpskiSrpskohrvatski / српскохрватскиSundaSuomiSvenskaTagalogதமிழ்తెలుగుไทยТоҷикӣTürkçeУкраїнськаTiếng ViệtWest-Vlams吴语粵語中文
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Structural element that transmits weight from above to below
This article is about the structural construction elements that bear and transmit vertical loads (weight). For other uses, see Column (disambiguation).
"Pillar" redirects here. For other uses, see Pillar (disambiguation).
National Capitol Columns at the United States National Arboretum in Washington, D.C.
Columns of the Parliament House in Helsinki, Finland
Column of the Gordon Monument in Waterloo.
A column or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is a structural element that transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural elements below. In other words, a column is a compression member. The term column applies especially to a large round support (the shaft of the column) with a capital and a base or pedestal,[1] which is made of stone, or appearing to be so. A small wooden or metal support is typically called a post. Supports with a rectangular or other non-round section are usually called piers.
For the purpose of wind or earthquake engineering, columns may be designed to resist lateral forces. Other compression members are often termed "columns" because of the similar stress conditions. Columns are frequently used to support beams or arches on which the upper parts of walls or ceilings rest. In architecture, "column" refers to such a structural element that also has certain proportional and decorative features. A column might also be a decorative element not needed for structural purposes; many columns are engaged, that is to say form part of a wall. A long sequence of columns joined by an entablature is known as a colonnade.
History[edit]
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: "Column" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (July 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Dragon pillar from the Yingzao Fashi, Song dynasty
Antiquity[edit]
All significant Iron Age civilizations of the Near East and Mediterranean made some use of columns.
Egyptian[edit]
Main article: Ancient Egyptian architecture § Columns
In ancient Egyptian architecture as early as 2600 BC, the architect Imhotep made use of stone columns whose surface was carved to reflect the organic form of bundled reeds, like papyrus, lotus and palm.[2] In later Egyptian architecture faceted cylinders were also common. Their form is thought to derive from archaic reed-built shrines. Carved from stone, the columns were highly decorated with carved and painted hieroglyphs, texts, ritual imagery and natural motifs. Egyptian columns are famously present in the Great Hypostyle Hall of Karnak (c. 1224 BC), where 134 columns are lined up in sixteen rows, with some columns reaching heights of 24 metres.
One of the most important type are the papyriform columns. The origin of these columns goes back to the 5th Dynasty. They are composed of lotus (papyrus) stems which are drawn together into a bundle decorated with bands: the capital, instead of opening out into the shape of a bellflower, swells out and then narrows again like a flower in bud. The base, which tapers to take the shape of a half-sphere like the stem of the lotus, has a continuously recurring decoration of stipules.
Examples of Egyptian columns
Illustration of papyriform capitals, in The Grammar of Ornament
Illustration of various types of capitals, drawn by the egyptologist Karl Richard Lepsius
Columns with Hathoric capitals
Papyriform columns of the Luxor Temple
Greek and Roman[edit]
See also: Classical order and Minoan civilization § columns
Illustration of Doric (left three), Ionic (middle three) and Corinthian (right two) columnsVery detailed illustrations of the Tuscan, Doric, Ionic, Corinthian and Composite ordersVery simple detailed of the Doric, Tuscan, Ionic, Corinthian and Composite orders
The Minoans used whole tree-trunks, usually turned upside down in order to prevent re-growth[dubious – discuss], stood on a base set in the stylobate (floor base) and topped by a simple round capital. These were then painted as in the most famous Minoan palace of Knossos. The Minoans employed columns to create large open-plan spaces, light-wells and as a focal point for religious rituals.
These traditions were continued by the later Mycenaean civilization, particularly in the megaron or hall at the heart of their palaces. The importance of columns and their reference to palaces and therefore authority is evidenced in their use in heraldic motifs such as the famous lion-gate of Mycenae where two lions stand each side of a column. Being made of wood these early columns have not survived, but their stone bases have and through these we may see their use and arrangement in these palace buildings.
The Egyptians, Persians and other civilizations mostly used columns for the practical purpose of holding up the roof inside a building, preferring outside walls to be decorated with reliefs or painting, but the Ancient Greeks, followed by the Romans, loved to use them on the outside as well, and the extensive use of columns on the interior and exterior of buildings is one of the most characteristic features of classical architecture, in buildings like the Parthenon. The Greeks developed the classical orders of architecture, which are most easily distinguished by the form of the column and its various elements. Their Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders were expanded by the Romans to include the Tuscan and Composite orders.
Minoan columns at the West Bastion of the Palace of Knossos
Illustration of the end of a Mycenaean column, from the Tomb of Agamemnon
Illustration of the Tuscan order
Illustration of the Doric order
Illustration of the Ionic order
Evolution of the Corinthian order
Illustration of the Composite order
Praying Woman between two ionic columns, 2nd century, marble, in the Louvre
Persian[edit]
Main article: Persian column
Plan, front view and side view of a typical Persepolis column, of Persia (Iran)
Some of the most elaborate columns in the ancient world were those of the Persians, especially the massive stone columns erected in Persepolis. They included double-bull structures in their capitals. The Hall of Hundred Columns at Persepolis, measuring 70 × 70 metres, was built by the Achaemenid king Darius I (524–486 BC). Many of the ancient Persian columns are standing, some being more than 30 metres tall.[citation needed] Tall columns with bull's head capitals were used for porticoes and to support the roofs of the hypostylehall, partly inspired by the ancient Egyptian precedent. Since the columns carried timber beams rather than stone, they could be taller, slimmer and more widely spaced than Egyptian ones.
Middle Ages[edit]
Main article: Medieval architecture
Columns, or at least large structural exterior ones, became much less significant in the architecture of the Middle Ages. The classical forms were abandoned in both Byzantine and Romanesque architecture in favour of more flexible forms, with capitals often using various types of foliage decoration, and in the West scenes with figures carved in relief.
During the Romanesque period, builders continued to reuse and imitate ancient Roman columns wherever possible; where new, the emphasis was on elegance and beauty, as illustrated by twisted columns. Often they were decorated with mosaics.
Examples of columns
Byzantine columns from Basilica of Sant'Apollinare Nuovo (Ravenna, Italy)
The capital of a Byzantine column from Hagia Sophia (Istanbul, Turkey)
Romanesque columns from the 12th century
Gothic columns of a church from Neuwiller-lès-Saverne (France)
Slender Gothic columns at a portal of Marienkirche Gelnhausen [de] (Gelnhausen, Germany)
Column use is common in Ottoman architecture, an example in Topkapı Palace (Istanbul, Turkey)
Renaissance and later styles[edit]
Renaissance architecture was keen to revive the classical vocabulary and styles, and the informed use and variation of the classical orders remained fundamental to the training of architects throughout Baroque, Rococo and Neo-classical architecture.
Structure[edit]
Further information: Fluting (architecture)
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Early columns were constructed of stone, some out of a single piece of stone. Monolithic columns are among the heaviest stones used in architecture. Other stone columns are created out of multiple sections of stone, mortared or dry-fit together. In many classical sites, sectioned columns were carved with a centre hole or depression so that they could be pegged together, using stone or metal pins. The design of most classical columns incorporates entasis (the inclusion of a slight outward curve in the sides) plus a reduction in diameter along the height of the column, so that the top is as little as 83% of the bottom diameter. This reduction mimics the parallax effects which the eye expects to see, and tends to make columns look taller and straighter than they are while entasis adds to that effect.
There are flutes and fillets that run up the shaft of columns. The flute is the part of the column that is indented in with a semi circular shape. The fillet of the column is the part between each of the flutes on the Ionic order columns. The flute width changes on all tapered columns as it goes up the shaft and stays the same on all non tapered columns. This was done to the columns to add visual interest to them. The Ionic and the Corinthian are the only orders that have fillets and flutes. The Doric style has flutes but not fillets. Doric flutes are connected at a sharp point where the fillets are located on Ionic and Corinthian order columns.
Nomenclature[edit]
Most classical columns arise from a basis, or base, that rests on the stylobate, or foundation, except for those of the Doric order, which usually rest directly on the stylobate. The basis may consist of several elements, beginning with a wide, square slab known as a plinth. The simplest bases consist of the plinth alone, sometimes separated from the column by a convex circular cushion known as a torus. More elaborate bases include two toruses, separated by a concave section or channel known as a scotia or trochilus. Scotiae could also occur in pairs, separated by a convex section called an astragal, or bead, narrower than a torus. Sometimes these sections were accompanied by still narrower convex sections, known as annulets or fillets.[3][4]
At the top of the shaft is a capital, upon which the roof or other architectural elements rest. In the case of Doric columns, the capital usually consists of a round, tapering cushion, or echinus, supporting a square slab, known as an abax or abacus. Ionic capitals feature a pair of volutes, or scrolls, while Corinthian capitals are decorated with reliefs in the form of acanthus leaves. Either type of capital could be accompanied by the same moldings as the base.[3][4] In the case of free-standing columns, the decorative elements atop the shaft are known as a finial.
Modern columns may be constructed out of steel, poured or precast concrete, or brick, left bare or clad in an architectural covering, or veneer. Used to support an arch, an impost, or pier, is the topmost member of a column. The bottom-most part of the arch, called the springing, rests on the impost.
Equilibrium, instability, and loads[edit]
Main article: Buckling § columns
vteMechanical failure modes
Buckling
Corrosion
Corrosion fatigue
Creep
Fatigue
Fouling
Fracture
Hydrogen embrittlement
Impact
Liquid metal embrittlement
Mechanical overload
Metal-induced embrittlement
Stress corrosion cracking
Sulfide stress cracking
Thermal shock
Wear
Yielding
Table showing values of K for structural columns of various end conditions (adapted from Manual of Steel Construction, 8th edition, American Institute of Steel Construction, Table C1.8.1)
As the axial load on a perfectly straight slender column with elastic material properties is increased in magnitude, this ideal column passes through three states: stable equilibrium, neutral equilibrium, and instability. The straight column under load is in stable equilibrium if a lateral force, applied between the two ends of the column, produces a small lateral deflection which disappears and the column returns to its straight form when the lateral force is removed. If the column load is gradually increased, a condition is reached in which the straight form of equilibrium becomes so-called neutral equilibrium, and a small lateral force will produce a deflection that does not disappear and the column remains in this slightly bent form when the lateral force is removed. The load at which neutral equilibrium of a column is reached is called the critical or buckling load. The state of instability is reached when a slight increase of the column load causes uncontrollably growing lateral deflections leading to complete collapse.
For an axially loaded straight column with any end support conditions, the equation of static equilibrium, in the form of a differential equation, can be solved for the deflected shape and critical load of the column. With hinged, fixed or free end support conditions the deflected shape in neutral equilibrium of an initially straight column with uniform cross section throughout its length always follows a partial or composite sinusoidal curve shape, and the critical load is given by
f
c
r
≡
π
2
E
I
m
i
n
L
2
(
1
)
{\displaystyle f_{cr}\equiv {\frac {\pi ^{2}{\textit {E}}I_{min}}{{L}^{2}}}\qquad (1)}
where E = elastic modulus of the material, Imin = the minimal moment of inertia of the cross section, and L = actual length of the column between its two end supports. A variant of (1) is given by
f
c
r
≡
π
2
E
T
(
K
L
r
)
2
(
2
)
{\displaystyle f_{cr}\equiv {\frac {\pi ^{2}E_{T}}{({\frac {KL}{r}})^{2}}}\qquad (2)}
where r = radius of gyration of column cross-section which is equal to the square root of (I/A), K = ratio of the longest half sine wave to the actual column length, Et = tangent modulus at the stress Fcr, and KL = effective length (length of an equivalent hinged-hinged column). From Equation (2) it can be noted that the buckling strength of a column is inversely proportional to the square of its length.
When the critical stress, Fcr (Fcr =Pcr/A, where A = cross-sectional area of the column), is greater than the proportional limit of the material, the column is experiencing inelastic buckling. Since at this stress the slope of the material's stress-strain curve, Et (called the tangent modulus), is smaller than that below the proportional limit, the critical load at inelastic buckling is reduced. More complex formulas and procedures apply for such cases, but in its simplest form the critical buckling load formula is given as Equation (3),
f
c
r
≡
F
y
−
F
y
2
4
π
2
E
(
K
L
r
2
)
(
3
)
{\displaystyle f_{cr}\equiv {F_{y}}-{\frac {F_{y}^{2}}{4\pi ^{2}E}}\left({\frac {KL}{r^{2}}}\right)\qquad (3)}
A column with a cross section that lacks symmetry may suffer torsional buckling (sudden twisting) before, or in combination with, lateral buckling. The presence of the twisting deformations renders both theoretical analyses and practical designs rather complex.
Eccentricity of the load, or imperfections such as initial crookedness, decreases column strength. If the axial load on the column is not concentric, that is, its line of action is not precisely coincident with the centroidal axis of the column, the column is characterized as eccentrically loaded. The eccentricity of the load, or an initial curvature, subjects the column to immediate bending. The increased stresses due to the combined axial-plus-flexural stresses result in a reduced load-carrying ability.
Column elements are considered to be massive if their smallest side dimension is equal to or more than 400 mm. Massive columns have the ability to increase in carrying strength over long time periods (even during periods of heavy load). Taking into account the fact, that possible structural loads may increase over time as well (and also the threat of progressive failure), massive columns have an advantage compared to non-massive ones.
Extensions[edit]
When a column is too long to be built or transported in one piece, it has to be extended or spliced at the construction site. A reinforced concrete column is extended by having the steel reinforcing bars protrude a few inches or feet above the top of the concrete, then placing the next level of reinforcing bars to overlap, and pouring the concrete of the next level. A steel column is extended by welding or bolting splice plates on the flanges and webs or walls of the columns to provide a few inches or feet of load transfer from the upper to the lower column section. A timber column is usually extended by the use of a steel tube or wrapped-around sheet-metal plate bolted onto the two connecting timber sections.
Foundations[edit]
A column that carries the load down to a foundation must have means to transfer the load without overstressing the foundation material. Reinforced concrete and masonry columns are generally built directly on top of concrete foundations. When seated on a concrete foundation, a steel column must have a base plate to spread the load over a larger area, and thereby reduce the bearing pressure. The base plate is a thick, rectangular steel plate usually welded to the bottom end of the column.
Orders[edit]
Main article: Classical order
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The Roman author Vitruvius, relying on the writings (now lost) of Greek authors, tells us that the ancient Greeks believed that their Doric order developed from techniques for building in wood. The earlier smoothed tree-trunk was replaced by a stone cylinder.
Doric order[edit]
Main article: Doric order
The Doric order is the oldest and simplest of the classical orders. It is composed of a vertical cylinder that is wider at the bottom. It generally has neither a base nor a detailed capital. It is instead often topped with an inverted frustum of a shallow cone or a cylindrical band of carvings. It is often referred to as the masculine order because it is represented in the bottom level of the Colosseum and the Parthenon, and was therefore considered to be able to hold more weight. The height-to-thickness ratio is about 8:1. The shaft of a Doric Column is almost always fluted.
The Greek Doric, developed in the western Dorian region of Greece, is the heaviest and most massive of the orders. It rises from the stylobate without any base; it is from four to six times as tall as its diameter; it has twenty broad flutes; the capital consists simply of a banded necking swelling out into a smooth echinus, which carries a flat square abacus; the Doric entablature is also the heaviest, being about one-fourth the height column. The Greek Doric order was not used after c. 100 B.C. until its “rediscovery” in the mid-eighteenth century.
Tuscan order[edit]
Main article: Tuscan order
The Tuscan order, also known as Roman Doric, is also a simple design, the base and capital both being series of cylindrical disks of alternating diameter. The shaft is almost never fluted. The proportions vary, but are generally similar to Doric columns. Height to width ratio is about 7:1.
Ionic order[edit]
Main article: Ionic order
The Ionic column is considerably more complex than the Doric or Tuscan. It usually has a base and the shaft is often fluted (it has grooves carved up its length). The capital features a volute, an ornament shaped like a scroll, at the four corners. The height-to-thickness ratio is around 9:1. Due to the more refined proportions and scroll capitals, the Ionic column is sometimes associated with academic buildings. Ionic style columns were used on the second level of the Colosseum.
Corinthian order[edit]
Main article: Corinthian order
The Corinthian order is named for the Greek city-state of Corinth, to which it was connected in the period. However, according to the architectural historian Vitruvius, the column was created by the sculptor Callimachus, probably an Athenian, who drew acanthus leaves growing around a votive basket. In fact, the oldest known Corinthian capital was found in Bassae, dated at 427 BC. It is sometimes called the feminine order because it is on the top level of the Colosseum and holding up the least weight, and also has the slenderest ratio of thickness to height. Height to width ratio is about 10:1.
Composite order[edit]
The Composite order draws its name from the capital being a composite of the Ionic and Corinthian capitals. The acanthus of the Corinthian column already has a scroll-like element, so the distinction is sometimes subtle. Generally the Composite is similar to the Corinthian in proportion and employment, often in the upper tiers of colonnades. Height to width ratio is about 11:1 or 12:1.
Solomonic[edit]
A Solomonic column, sometimes called "barley sugar", begins on a base and ends in a capital, which may be of any order, but the shaft twists in a tight spiral, producing a dramatic, serpentine effect of movement. Solomonic columns were developed in the ancient world, but remained rare there. A famous marble set, probably 2nd century, was brought to Old St. Peter's Basilica by Constantine I, and placed round the saint's shrine, and was thus familiar throughout the Middle Ages, by which time they were thought to have been removed from the Temple of Jerusalem.[5] The style was used in bronze by Bernini for his spectacular St. Peter's baldachin, actually a ciborium (which displaced Constantine's columns), and thereafter became very popular with Baroque and Rococo church architects, above all in Latin America, where they were very often used, especially on a small scale, as they are easy to produce in wood by turning on a lathe (hence also the style's popularity for spindles on furniture and stairs).
Caryatid[edit]
Main article: Caryatid
A Caryatid is a sculpted female figure serving as an architectural support taking the place of a column or a pillar supporting an entablature on her head. The Greek term karyatides literally means "maidens of Karyai", an ancient town of Peloponnese.
Engaged columns[edit]
Main article: Engaged column
In architecture, an engaged column is a column embedded in a wall and partly projecting from the surface of the wall, sometimes defined as semi or three-quarter detached. Engaged columns are rarely found in classical Greek architecture, and then only in exceptional cases, but in Roman architecture they exist in abundance, most commonly embedded in the cella walls of pseudoperipteral buildings.
Pillar tombs[edit]
Pillar tombs are monumental graves, which typically feature a single, prominent pillar or column, often made of stone. A number of world cultures incorporated pillars into tomb structures. In the ancient Greek colony of Lycia in Anatolia, one of these edifices is located at the tomb of Xanthos. In the town of Hannassa in southern Somalia, ruins of houses with archways and courtyards have also been found along with other pillar tombs, including a rare octagonal tomb.[6]
Gallery[edit]
Different columns
Decorated pillars. Mosque. Kashgar
The Great Hypostyle Hall from Karnak (Egypt)
Columns found at the Temple of Apollo in Delphi
Rococo detail of a column from St. Peter's Church (Mainz, Germany)
At right, two of the Solomonic columns brought to Rome by Constantine, in their present-day location on a pier in St. Peter's Basilica (Rome). In the foreground at left is part of Bernini's Baldachin, inspired by the original columns.
Ionic capital
Tuscan columns can be seen at the University of Virginia
Church of San Prospero (Reggio Emilia, Italy)
Construction of Sigismund's Column in Warsaw, detail of the 1646 engraving.
These are composed of stacked segments and finished in the Corinthian style, at the Temple of Bel (Syria)
The pillars of Bankstown Reservoir (Sydney, Australia)
Reused Roman columns and capitals in the Great Mosque of Kairouan
Engaged columns embedded in the side walls of the cella of the Maison Carrée in Nîmes (France)
See also[edit]
Columnar jointing (geology)
Huabiao
Linga
Lingodbhava
Marian and Holy Trinity columns
Our Lady of the Pillar
Post (structural)
Pylon (architecture)
Spur (architecture)
Structural engineering
References[edit]
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Engaged Column". Encyclopædia Britannica. 9 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 404–405.
Stierlin, Henri The Roman Empire: From the Etruscans to the Decline of the Roman Empire, TASCHEN, 2002
Alderman, Liz (7 July 2014). "Acropolis Maidens Glow Anew". The New York Times. Retrieved 9 July 2014.
Stokstad, Marilyn; Cothren, Michael (2014). Art History (Volume 1 ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. p. 110.
^ "Column - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary". Merriam-webster.com. 2012-08-31. Archived from the original on 2013-10-04. Retrieved 2013-07-04.
^ Baker, Rosalie; Baker, Charles (2001). Ancient Egyptians: People of the Pyramids. Oxford University Press. p. 23. ISBN 978-0195122213.
^ a b Hewson Clarke and John Dougall, The Cabinet of Arts, T. Kinnersley, London (1817), pp. 271, 272.
^ a b "Architectural Glossary", in The Universal Decorator, Francis Benjamin Thompson, Ed., vol. III (1859).
^ J. Ward-Perkins, "The shrine of St. Peter's and its twelve spiral columns" Journal of Roman Studies 42 (1952) p 21ff.
^ Sanseverino, Hilary Costa (1983). "Archaeological Remains on the Southern Somali Coast". Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa. 18 (1): 151–164. doi:10.1080/00672708309511319.
External links[edit]
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Definition of column noun from the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary
column noun OPAL WOPAL S /ˈkɒləm/ /ˈkɑːləm/
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(abbreviation col.) one of the straight sections from top to bottom into which text on a page or screen is divideda dictionary with two columns per page column of something a column of textat the bottom of the right-hand column of this pageThe website has an attractive two-column format. in a column Click on the name of your account in the left-hand column.Put a mark in the appropriate column.Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjectiveregulardailyweekly…verb + columnhavewriteread…column + nouninchesprepositionin a/the columncolumn aboutcolumn on…See full entry
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a series of numbers or words arranged one under the other down a page column of something to add up a column of figuresthe fifth column of Table 4 in a column The numbers in the left-hand column are not relevant here.The last column contains the probability of each of those outcomes occurring. compare row1 (3)
a part of a newspaper, magazine or website that appears regularly and deals with a particular subject or is written by a particular writerShe writes a monthly column for a leading national newspaper.a newspaper/weekly columnthe financial column in a column I disagree with a lot of what he writes in his column.I always read her column in the local paper. column on/about something The website features a regular column on parenting. column by somebody She always read the column by the local vicar in the parish magazine. see also advice column, agony column, gossip column, personal columnExtra ExamplesHe has a regular column in a weekly newspaper.She saw his name in an obituary column.a weekly column on films showing in Londona weekly column on movies showing in the capitalThe website runs an online advice column for teenagers.Topics Literature and writinga2Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjectiveregulardailyweekly…verb + columnhavewriteread…column + nouninchesprepositionin a/the columncolumn aboutcolumn on…See full entry a tall, solid post, usually round and made of stone, that supports or decorates a building or stands alone as a monumentThe temple is supported by marble columns.Nelson's Column in Trafalgar Square is one of London's best-known landmarks.Extra ExamplesThe roof is supported by four huge columns.colonnades of fluted Doric columnsCorinthian columns are decorated with leaves at the top.It was an Athenian temple with long colonnades of limestone columns.The churches have classical columns and decoration.The temple is supported by fluted marble columns.Topics Buildingsb2Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjectivehugetallfluted…column + verbsupport somethingSee full entry a thing that is like a column in shapea column of smoke (= smoke rising straight up) see also spinal column, steering columnTopics Colours and Shapesc1 a long, moving line of people or vehiclesa long column of troops and tanksto march in columns see also fifth columnOxford Collocations Dictionaryadjectivehugelongarmoured/armored…prepositionin columnscolumn ofphrasesthe head of the columnSee full entryMore Like This Silent lettersSilent lettersgnarledgnashgnatgnawgnomehaute cuisineheirherbhonourhors d’oeuvrehourknackkneekneelknifeknightknitknobknockknotknowknucklepsalmpsephologypsychicptarmiganpterodactylpsychologywranglewrapwreathwreckwrenchwrestlewrigglewringwritewrongbombclimbcrumbdoubtlamblimbascentfascinatemusclescenescissorsheightrightsleighweightaligncampaigndesignforeignmalignreignunfeignedbalmycalmcalfhalfyolkautumncolumncondemndamnhymnsolemnbristlefastenlistenmortgagesoftenthistlewrestlebiscuitbuildcircuitdisguiseguiltyleagueroguevagueyachtanswerswordtwo Word Originlate Middle English: partly from Old French columpne, reinforced by its source, Latin columna ‘pillar’.See column in the Oxford Advanced American DictionarySee column in the Oxford Learner's Dictionary of Academic EnglishCheck pronunciation:
column
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column - Wiktionary, the free dictionary
column - Wiktionary, the free dictionary
column
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Contents
1 English
1.1 Etymology
1.2 Pronunciation
1.3 Noun
1.3.1 Synonyms
1.3.2 Antonyms
1.3.3 Hypernyms
1.3.4 Derived terms
1.3.5 Translations
1.3.6 Further reading
2 Dutch
2.1 Etymology
2.2 Pronunciation
2.3 Noun
2.3.1 Related terms
English[edit]
English Wikipedia has an article on:columnWikipedia
Ancient Egyptian columns in Philae (Egypt)
Corinthian columns in temple of Bel (Syria)
Columns in typography
Etymology[edit]
From Middle English columne, columpne, columpe, borrowed from Old French columne, from Latin columna (“a column, pillar, post”), originally a collateral form of columen, contraction culmen (“a pillar, top, crown, summit”). Akin to Latin collis (“a hill”), celsus (“high”), probably to Ancient Greek κολοφών (kolophṓn, “top, summit”).
Pronunciation[edit]
(Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈkɒləm/
(General American), (Ireland) enPR: kŏlʹəm, IPA(key): /ˈkɑləm/
(General American, rare), (Ireland) enPR: kŏlʹjəm, IPA(key): /ˈkɑljəm/
Audio (US)(file)
Hyphenation: col‧umn
Rhymes: -ɒləm
Noun[edit]
column (plural columns)
(architecture) A solid upright structure designed usually to support a larger structure above it, such as a roof or horizontal beam, but sometimes for decoration.
A vertical line of entries in a table, usually read from top to bottom.
A body of troops or army vehicles, usually strung out along a road.
A body of text meant to be read line by line, especially in printed material that has multiple adjacent such on a single page.
It was too hard to read the text across the whole page, so I split it into two columns.
A unit of width, especially of advertisements, in a periodical, equivalent to the width of a usual column of text.
Each column inch costs $300 a week; this ad is four columns by three inches, so will run $3600 a week.
(by extension) A recurring feature in a periodical, especially an opinion piece, especially by a single author or small rotating group of authors, or on a single theme.
His initial foray into print media was as the author of a weekly column in his elementary-school newspaper.
2024 January 10, Christian Wolmar, “A time for change? ... just as it was back in issue 262”, in RAIL, number 1000, page 60:I have always argued that despite my opposition to rail privatisation, I should be grateful that John Major won the 1992 election on a platform to sell off the railways, as otherwise my column would have disappeared given the paucity of things to write about.
Something having similar vertical form or structure to the things mentioned above, such as a spinal column.
1892, James Yoxall, chapter 5, in The Lonely Pyramid:The desert storm was riding in its strength; the travellers lay beneath the mastery of the fell simoom. Whirling wreaths and columns of burning wind, rushed around and over them.
(botany) The gynostemium
(chemistry) An object used to separate the different components of a liquid or to purify chemical compounds.
Synonyms[edit]
(upright structure): post, pillar, sile
Antonyms[edit]
(line of table entries): row (which is horizontal)
Hypernyms[edit]
(upright structure): beam
Derived terms[edit]
advice columnagony columna little from column A and a little from column Bballoon columnclustered columncolumnalcolumnarcolumn densitycolumn echelon formcolumnedcolumniferouscolumniformcolumn inchcolumnistcolumnizationcolumnizecolumnlesscolumnlikecolumn of Türckcolumn shiftercolumn spacecolumn stillcolumn stinkhorncolumn vectorcolumnwisecolumn-wisecortical columncybercolumndodge the columnencolumnedengaged columneruption columnfifth columnflying columnfractionating columnHathor columnhypercolumnimmunocolumnintercolumnintracolumnletter columnmacrocolumnmicrocolumnminicolumnMorris columnmulticolumnmultiple-columnnanocolumnpersonal columnpositive columnpostcolumnprecolumnpseudocolumnpseudo-columnsemi-columnsemicolumnsocial columnsociety columnsteering columnsubcolumnsupercolumnTürck's columnvertebral columnwater columnwide column store
Translations[edit]
upright supporting structure
Aklanon: haligi
Albanian: kolonë (sq) f
Arabic: عَمُود m (ʕamūd)
Egyptian Arabic: عمود m (ʕamūd)
Hijazi Arabic: عامود m (ʕāmūd)
Armenian: սյուն (hy) (syun)
Old Armenian: սիւն (siwn)
Azerbaijani: sütun (az)
Bashkir: бағана (bağana); баған (bağan) (Eastern Bashkir)
Basque: habe (eu), zutabe
Belarusian: кало́на f (kalóna), слуп m (slup)
Bulgarian: коло́на (bg) f (kolóna), стълб (bg) m (stǎlb)
Burmese: တိုင် (my) (tuing)
Catalan: columna (ca) f
Chakma: please add this translation if you can
Chinese:
Mandarin: 柱子 (zh) (zhùzi), 柱 (zh) (zhù), 梁柱 (zh) (liángzhù)
Coptic: ⲥⲧⲩⲗⲏ m (stulē), ϫⲱⲧ f (čōt)
Czech: sloup (cs) m
Dalmatian: chilauna f
Danish: søjle (da) c
Dutch: kolom (nl) m or f
Egyptian: (jwn m), (wḫꜣ m), (ꜥꜣ m)
Esperanto: kolono (eo)
Estonian: sammas (et)
Etruscan: class inanimate (fala)
Faroese: stólpi m
Finnish: pylväs (fi)
French: colonne (fr)
Friulian: please add this translation if you can
Galician: columna (gl) f
Ge'ez: ዐምድ (ʿämd)
Georgian: სვეტი (sveṭi), ბოძი (boʒi)
German: Säule (de) f
Gothic: f (sauls)
Greek: στήλη (el) f (stíli)
Ancient: στῦλος m (stûlos), κίων m or f (kíōn)
Hebrew: עַמּוּד (he) m (amúd)
Hindi: स्तंभ (hi) m (stambh)
Hungarian: oszlop (hu)
Ingrian: patsas
Irish: colún m
Italian: colonna (it) f
Japanese: 柱 (ja) (はしら, hashira)
Javanese: please add this translation if you can
Kazakh: бағана (bağana), тірек (tırek)
Khmer: សសរ (km) (sɑsɑɑ)
Korean: 기둥 (ko) (gidung)
Kurdish:
Northern Kurdish: stûn (ku)
Kyrgyz: түркүк (ky) (türkük), столб (ky) (stolb), колонна (kolonna)
Lao: ເສົາ (lo) (sao)
Latin: columna f
Latvian: kolonna f
Lithuanian: kolona (lt) f
Lü: ᦉᧁ (ṡaw)
Macedonian: столб m (stolb)
Maltese: please add this translation if you can
Maori: pou, tumu
Mazanderani: شلمن
Mon: please add this translation if you can
Mongolian:
Cyrillic: багана (mn) (bagana)
Nanai: тора (tora)
Norman: colonne f
Northern Thai: please add this translation if you can
Norwegian:
Bokmål: søyle (no) m or f
Nynorsk: søyle f
Occitan: colomna (oc)
Odia: please add this translation if you can
Ottoman Turkish: ستون (sütun), دیرك (direk)
Persian: ستون (fa) (sotun)
Piedmontese: colòna f
Polish: kolumna (pl) f, słup (pl) m
Portuguese: coluna (pt)
Rohingya: fala
Romagnol: clôna f, culôna f
Romanian: coloană (ro), pilar, columnă (ro), stâlp (ro)
Russian: коло́нна (ru) f (kolónna), столб (ru) m (stolb)
Scottish Gaelic: colbh m
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: сту̑п m, сту̑б m
Roman: stȗp (sh) m, stȗb (sh) m
Slovak: stĺp m
Slovene: steber (sl) m
Sorbian:
Lower Sorbian: słup m
Spanish: columna (es) f
Swedish: kolonn (sv) c, pelare (sv) c
Tajik: сутун (tg) (sutun)
Tatar: багана (tt) (bağana)
Tetum: riin
Thai: เสา (th) (sǎo)
Turkish: kolon (tr), sütun (tr)
Turkmen: sütün
Ukrainian: коло́на f (kolóna), стовп m (stovp)
Uyghur: تۈۋرۈك (tüwrük)
Uzbek: ustun (uz), stolba (uz), kolonna (uz)
Vietnamese: cột (vi)
Volapük: kolum
Zazaki: estûn
Zhuang: saeu
vertical line of entries in a table
Arabic: عَمُود m (ʕamūd)
Armenian: սյունակ (hy) (syunak)
Bashkir: бағана (bağana)
Belarusian: кало́нка f (kalónka), калёнка f (kaljónka), графа́ f (hrafá), слупо́к m (slupók)
Bulgarian: коло́на (bg) f (kolóna), графа́ f (grafá)
Burmese: တိုင် (my) c (tuing)
Catalan: columna (ca) f
Chinese:
Mandarin: 列 (zh) (liè), 行 (zh) (háng) (Taiwan, means "row" in mainland China)
Czech: sloupec m
Dutch: kolom (nl) m
Esperanto: kolumno
Estonian: veerg
Finnish: sarake (fi)
French: colonne (fr) f
German: Spalte (de) f
Greek: στήλη (el) f (stíli)
Hungarian: oszlop (hu)
Ingrian: patsas
Irish: colún m
Italian: colonna (it) f
Japanese: 列 (ja) (れつ, retsu), カラム (ja) (karamu), コラム (koramu)
Korean: 열(列) (ko) (yeol), 렬(列) (ko) (ryeol) (North Korea), 칼럼 (ko) (kalleom), 세로단 (serodan)
Macedonian: колона f (kolona)
Malay: lajur
Maori: tīwae
Norman: colonne f
Persian: ستون (fa) (sotun)
Polish: kolumna (pl) f
Portuguese: coluna (pt) f
Romanian: coloană (ro) f
Russian: коло́нка (ru) f (kolónka), графа́ (ru) f (grafá), столбе́ц (ru) m (stolbéc)
Scottish Gaelic: colbh m
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: сту́бац m, сту́пац m
Roman: stúbac (sh) m, stúpac (sh) m
Slovak: stĺpec m
Slovene: stolpec (sl) m
Spanish: columna (es) f
Swedish: kolonn (sv) c (in maths), kolumn (sv) c (general)
Tagalog: tudling
Thai: สดมภ์ (th) (sà-dom)
Ukrainian: коло́нка f (kolónka), графа́ f (hrafá), сто́впчик m (stóvpčyk)
a vertical body of text
Arabic: خَانَة f (ḵāna)
Armenian: սյունակ (hy) (syunak)
Bashkir: бағана (bağana)
Belarusian: слупо́к m (slupók), кало́нка f (kalónka), шпа́льта f (špálʹta), графа́ f (hrafá), калёнка f (kaljónka)
Bulgarian: коло́на (bg) f (kolóna), шпа́лта f (špálta)
Burmese: ဒေါင်လိုက် စာပိုဒ် c (daungluik capuid)
Catalan: corondell m, columna (ca) f
Chinese:
Mandarin: 欄／栏 (zh) (lán), 列 (zh) (liè)
Czech: sloupec m
Danish: klumme c
Dutch: kolom (nl)
Esperanto: kolumno
Finnish: palsta (fi)
French: colonne (fr) f
German: Spalte (de) f, Druckspalte f, Kolumne (de) f
Hungarian: hasáb (hu)
Irish: colún m
Japanese: 段 (ja) (だん, dan)
Korean: 단(段) (ko) (dan)
Macedonian: шпалта f (špalta), колона f (kolona)
Maori: tīwae
Norwegian:
Bokmål: spalte (no) m
Nynorsk: spalt f
Portuguese: coluna (pt) f
Russian: столбе́ц (ru) m (stolbéc), графа́ (ru) f (grafá), коло́нка (ru) f (kolónka)
Slovak: stĺpec m
Slovene: stolpec (sl) m
Spanish: columna (es) f
Swedish: kolumn (sv) c, spalt (sv) c
Ukrainian: коло́нка f (kolónka), графа́ f (hrafá), сто́впчик m (stóvpčyk), шпа́льта m (špálʹta)
column of troops
Armenian: շարասյուն (hy) (šarasyun)
Belarusian: кало́на f (kalóna), калёна f (kaljóna)
Bulgarian: коло́на (bg) f (kolóna)
Catalan: columna (ca) f
Chinese:
Mandarin: 縱隊／纵队 (zh) (zòngduì)
Dutch: colonne (nl) f
Esperanto: kolono (eo)
Finnish: kolonna (fi), rivistö (fi)
German: Kolonne (de) f
Hungarian: hadoszlop (hu)
Indonesian: kolone (id), barisan (id)
Italian: colonna (it) f
Japanese: 縦列 (ja) (じゅうれつ, jūretsu)
Korean: 종렬(縱列) (jongnyeol)
Macedonian: колона f (kolona)
Maori: poupoutahi
Persian: ستون (fa) (sotun)
Polish: kolumna (pl) f
Portuguese: coluna (pt) f
Romanian: coloană (ro) f
Russian: коло́нна (ru) f (kolónna)
Slovak: rad m
Slovene: kolona f
Spanish: columna (es) f
Swedish: kolonn (sv) c
Ukrainian: коло́на f (kolóna)
newspaper column
Arabic: عَمُود f (ʕamūd)
Armenian: սյունակ (hy) (syunak)
Bashkir: бағана (bağana)
Belarusian: кало́нка f (kalónka), слупо́к m (slupók), калёнка f (kaljónka)
Bulgarian: коло́на (bg) f (kolóna)
Burmese: ကော်လံ (my) (kaulam), စာမျက်နှာ ကော်လံ c (ca-myakhna kaulam)
Catalan: columna (ca) f
Chinese:
Mandarin: 專欄／专栏 (zh) (zhuānlán)
Czech: sloupek (cs) m
Danish: klumme c, avisklumme c
Esperanto: kolumno
Estonian: veerg, leheveerg
Finnish: palsta (fi), kolumni (fi)
German: Kolumne (de) f
Greek: στήλη (el) f (stíli)
Hebrew: טוּר (he) m (tur)
Hungarian: hasáb (hu)
Indonesian: kolom (id)
Irish: colún m, colún páipéir m
Italian: colonna (it) f
Japanese: コラム (koramu)
Korean: 원고(原稿) (ko) (won'go), 칼럼 (ko) (kalleom)
Macedonian: колумна f (kolumna)
Malay: kolum
Maori: tīwae
Persian: ستون (fa) (sotun)
Polish: kolumna (pl) f
Portuguese: coluna (pt) f
Romanian: coloană (ro) f
Russian: коло́нка (ru) f (kolónka), разде́л (ru) m (razdél)
Scottish Gaelic: colbh m
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: колу̀мна f
Roman: kolùmna (sh) f
Slovak: stĺpček m
Slovene: kolumna f
Spanish: columna (es) f
Swedish: kolumn (sv) c, spalt (sv) c
Thai: คอลัมน์ (th) (kɔɔ-lâm)
Ukrainian: коло́нка f (kolónka)
recurring feature in a periodical
Finnish: palsta (fi)
Italian: rubrica (it) f, cronaca (it) f
Russian: коло́нка (ru) f (kolónka), разде́л (ru) m (razdél), ру́брика (ru) f (rúbrika)
something having similar form or structure to the things mentioned above
Bashkir: бағана (bağana)
Burmese: အတွဲ (my) c (a.twai:)
Finnish: pylväs (fi), tolppa (fi)
Greek: στήλη (el) f (stíli)
Indonesian: gumpalan (id)
Italian: colonna (it) f
Persian: ستون (fa) (sotun)
Romanian: coloană (ro) f
Russian: коло́нка (ru) f (kolónka), разде́л (ru) m (razdél), столб (ru) m (stolb)
Spanish: columna (es) f
Sundanese: nanjeur, taiyeur
chemistry : object to separate components
Finnish: kolonni (fi)
French: colonne (fr)
German: Säule (de) f
Italian: colonna (it)
Portuguese: coluna (pt)
Spanish: columna (es)
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked
French: (please verify) colonne (fr) f (1,2,3)
Further reading[edit]
“column”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
“column”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
Dutch[edit]
Dutch Wikipedia has an article on:columnWikipedia nl
Etymology[edit]
Borrowed from English column, from Middle English columne, borrowed from Old French columne, from Latin columna (“a column, pillar, post”), originally a collateral form of columen, contraction culmen (“a pillar, top, crown, summit”). Doublet of kolom and holm.
Pronunciation[edit]
Audio(file)
Noun[edit]
column m (plural columns)
A recurring opinion piece in a newspaper or magazine; a column
Hypernym: opiniestuk
Hyponym: cursiefje
Related terms[edit]
columnist
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=column&oldid=78415944"
Categories: English terms derived from Proto-Indo-EuropeanEnglish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kelH-English terms inherited from Middle EnglishEnglish terms derived from Middle EnglishEnglish terms derived from Old FrenchEnglish terms derived from LatinEnglish 2-syllable wordsEnglish terms with IPA pronunciationEnglish terms with audio linksRhymes:English/ɒləmRhymes:English/ɒləm/2 syllablesEnglish lemmasEnglish nounsEnglish countable nounsen:ArchitectureEnglish terms with usage examplesEnglish terms with quotationsen:Botanyen:TypographyDutch terms borrowed from EnglishDutch terms derived from EnglishDutch terms derived from Middle EnglishDutch terms derived from Old FrenchDutch terms derived from LatinDutch doubletsDutch terms with audio linksDutch lemmasDutch nounsDutch nouns with plural in -sDutch masculine nounsHidden categories: Pages using WikiHieroEnglish entries with topic categories using raw markupRequests for translations into ChakmaMandarin terms with redundant transliterationsRequests for translations into FriulianRequests for translations into JavaneseRequests for translations into MalteseRequests for translations into MonRequests for translations into Northern ThaiRequests for translations into OdiaBashkir terms with redundant script codesRequests for review of French translations
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COLUMN | definition in the Cambridge Learner’s Dictionary
COLUMN | definition in the Cambridge Learner’s Dictionary
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Learner’s Dictionary
Definition of column – Learner’s Dictionary
columnnoun [ C ] uk
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/ˈkɒləm/ us
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column noun [C]
(TALL POST)
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B2 a tall, solid, usually stone post which is used to support a roof or as decoration in a building: a stone/marble column
column noun [C]
(NEWSPAPER)
a regular article in a newspaper or magazine on a particular subject or by the same writer
column noun [C]
(PRINT)
B2 one of the blocks of print into which a page of a newspaper, magazine, or dictionary is divided
column noun [C]
(NUMBERS ETC)
any block of numbers or words written one under the other
a column of sth
something with a tall, narrow shape: A column of smoke rose from the chimney.
column noun [C]
(PEOPLE MOVING)
a long line of moving people or vehicles: a column of refugees See also
gossip column
(Definition of column from the Cambridge Learner's Dictionary © Cambridge University Press)
Translations of column
in Chinese (Traditional)
印刷, （報紙、雜誌上的）欄, （報紙、雜誌上的）欄目，專欄…
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in Chinese (Simplified)
印刷, （报纸、杂志上的）栏, （报纸、杂志上的）栏目，专栏…
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in Spanish
columna, columna [feminine], fila [feminine]…
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in Portuguese
coluna, coluna [feminine], fileira [feminine]…
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in more languages
in Marathi
in Japanese
in Turkish
in French
in Catalan
in Dutch
in Tamil
in Hindi
in Gujarati
in Danish
in Swedish
in Malay
in German
in Norwegian
in Urdu
in Ukrainian
in Russian
in Telugu
in Arabic
in Bengali
in Czech
in Indonesian
in Thai
in Vietnamese
in Polish
in Korean
in Italian
स्तंभ, सदर, खांब- सहसा जुन्या इमारतींमधे छताला आधार देण्यासाठी याचा वापर केला जायचा…
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（石製の）柱, 新聞のコラム, 円柱状のもの…
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sütun, direk, kolon…
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colonne [feminine], rubrique [feminine], colonne…
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columna…
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zuil, kolom, rubriek…
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ஒரு செய்தித்தாள் அல்லது பத்திரிகையின் ஒரு பக்கம் பிரிக்கப்பட்டுள்ள அச்சின் பல செங்குத்து தொகுதிகளில் ஒன்று, ஒரு செய்தித்தாள் அல்லது பத்திரிகையில் எழுதும் ஒரு பகுதி, பொதுவாக ஒரு குறிப்பிட்ட விஷயத்தில்…
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कॉलम, किसी अखबार या पत्रिका में ऊपर से नीचे की तरफ का ब्लॉक जिसमें शब्द छापे जाते हैं, किसी अखबार या पत्रिका में किसी खास विषय पर लिखे गए लेख जो नियमित रूप से छापे जाते हैं…
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કૉલમ, અખબાર અથવા સામયિકમાં ટોપ-ડાઉન બ્લોક જેમાં શબ્દો છાપવામાં આવે છે, કોલમ…
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søjle, kolonne, spalte…
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pelare, kolonn, kolumn…
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tiang, kepulauan, lajur…
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die Säule, senkrechte Zahlenreihe, die Spalte…
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søyle [masculine], spalte [masculine], kolonne [masculine]…
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کالم, اخباری صفحہ کا عمودی حصہ, کسی خاص موضوع پر لکھی جانے والی تحریر…
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колона, стовп(чик), стовпець…
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колонна, колонка, раздел…
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పత్రికలో ప్రింట్ చేయబడిన ఒక పేజీ ని అనేక నిలువు పట్టీలుగా విభజిస్తే అందులోని ఒక నిలువు పట్టీ, శీర్షిక, పత్రికలోని కాలమ్…
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عَمْود…
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কোনো সংবাদপত্র বা ম্যাগাজিন-এর পাতায় ভাগ ভাগ করে খাড়াভাবে মুদ্রিত স্তম্ভাকার শ্রেণীগুলির মধ্যে একটি, কোনো নির্দিষ্ট বিষয়ের ওপরে একই ব্যক্তির দ্বারা লিখিত যে লেখা নিয়মিত প্রকাশিত হয়, শব্দ বা সংখ্যার কলাম…
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sloup, sloupec, sloupek…
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tiang, bentuknya seperti tiang, deretan (angka)…
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เสาค้ำ, สิ่งที่รูปร่างคล้ายกัน, แถว (ในแนวตั้ง)…
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cột, hình cột, cột số…
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kolumna, rubryka, słup…
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기둥, (신문 및 잡지등의) 칼럼, 기둥 모양을 한 것…
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colonna, rubrica…
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colourful
colouring
colourless
colt
column
columnist
.com
coma
comb
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gossip column
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response
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/rɪˈspɒns/
US
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/rɪˈspɑːns/
an answer or reaction
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Contents
Learner’s Dictionary
Noun
column (TALL POST)
column (NEWSPAPER)
column (PRINT)
column (NUMBERS ETC)
a column of sth
column (PEOPLE MOVING)
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